RECOGNITION

TOBAR OR WILSON PRINCIPLE. Expressed in a treaty of the Central American Republics in 1907 at the sugestion of Foreign Minister Tobar of Ecuador and reiterated in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, recognition shall not be extended to any government established by revolution, civil war, coup d'etat or other forms of internal violence until the freely elected representatives of the people have organized a constitutional government.

STIMSON PRINCIPLE. Formulated by U.S. Secretary of State Stimson, it was subsequently adopted by the League of Nations in a resolution declaring that it was "incumbent upon the members of the League of Nations not to recognize any situation, teaty or agreement which may be brought about by means contrary to the Covenant of the League of Nations or to the Pact of Paris".

ESTRADA DOCTRINE. Formulated by Minister Genaro Estrada of Mexico in 1930, the Mexican government that it would, as it saw fit, continue or terminate its relations with any country in which political upheaval had taken place "and in so doing it does not pronounce judgement, either precipitately or a posteriori, regarding the right of foreign nations to accept, maintain or replace their government or authorities".